International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal

Chauvel P, McGonigal A. Emergence of semiology in epileptic seizures. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2014;38:94–103.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.12.003

Rabiei Z. Anticonvulsant effects of medicinal plants with emphasis on mechanisms of action. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2017; 7(2):166–172.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.11.028

Weinstein S. Seizures and epilepsy: An overview. Epilepsy: The Intersection of Neurosciences, Biology, Mathematics, Engineering, and Physics. 2016;65–77.

Available: https://doi.org/10.1201/b10866-10

Suleiman M, Alade GO, Onu SO, Oladele AT. Ethnomedicinal survey and phytochemical screening of plants used to treat epilepsy by traditional healers in etche, Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 2022;26(2):265–271.

Available:https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i2.14

Owolabi LF, Owolabi SD, Taura AA, Alhaji ID, Ogunniyi A. Prevalence and burden of epilepsy in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based door-to-door surveys. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2019;92:226–234.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.12.017

Sinke MRT, Braun KPJ, Otte WM. White matter abnormalities at a regional and voxel level in focal and generalized epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2016;12:902–909.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2016.10.025

Jiruska P, Csicsvari J, Powell AD, Fox JE, Chang WC, Vreugdenhil M, Li X, Palus M, Bujan AF, Dearden RW, Jefferys JGR. High-frequency network activity, global increase in neuronal activity, and synchrony expansion precede epileptic seizures in vitro. Journal of Neuroscience. 2010;30(16):5690–5701.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0535-10.2010

Nawafleh S, Qaswal AB, Suleiman A, Alali O, Zayed FM, Al-Adwan MA, Bani Ali M. GABA receptors can depolarize the neuronal membrane potential via quantum tunneling of chloride ions: a quantum mathematical study. In Cells. 2022;11(7).

Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11071145

Greenfield LJ. Molecular mechanisms of antiseizure drug activity at GABAA receptors. Seizure. 2013;22(8):589–600.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2013.04.015

Janković SM, Dješević M, Janković SV. Experimental GABA A receptor agonists and allosteric modulators for the treatment of focal epilepsy. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology. 2021;13: 235–244.

Available:https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S242964

Akyuz E, Polat AK, Eroglu E, Kullu I, Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN. Revisiting the role of neurotransmitters in epilepsy: An updated review. Life Sciences. 2021;265: 118826.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118826

Alten B, Guzikowski NJ, Zurawski Z, Hamm HE, Kavalali ET. Presynaptic mechanisms underlying GABAB-receptor-mediated inhibition of spontaneous neurotransmitter release. Cell Reports. 2022;38(3):110255.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110255

Vasilev DS, Tumanova NL, Kim KK, Lavrentyeva VV, Lukomskaya NY, Zhuravin IA, Magazanik LG, Zaitsev AV. Transient morphological alterations in the hippocampus after pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats. Neurochemical Research. 2018;43(8):1671–1682.

Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-018-2583-y

Srivastava I, Vazquez-Juarez E, Lindskog M. Reducing glutamate uptake in rat hippocampal slices enhances astrocytic membrane depolarization while down-regulating CA3–CA1 synaptic response. Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience. 2020;12:1–11.

Available:https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00037

Sen A, Jette N, Husain M, Sander JW. Epilepsy in older people. The Lancet. 2020;395(10225):735–748.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)33064-8

Olubunmi A. Epilepsy in Nigeria – A review of etiology, epidemiology and management. Benin Journal of Postgraduate Medicine. 2009;8(1).

Available:https://doi.org/10.4314/bjpm.v8i1.47362

Laxer KD, Trinka E, Hirsch LJ, Cendes F, Langfitt J, Delanty N, Resnick T, Benbadis SR. The consequences of refractory epilepsy and its treatment. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2014;37:59–70.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.05.031

Ogunrin OA, Adeyekun A, Adudu P. Etiologies of epilepsy and health-seeking itinerary of patients with epilepsy in a resource poor setting: Analysis of 342 Nigerian Africans. Seizure. 2013;22(7):572–576.

Available: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seiure.2013.04.012

Gourama H. Foodborne pathogens BT - food safety engineering (A. Demirci, H. Feng, & K. Krishnamurthy (eds.); Springer International Publishing. 2020;25–49.

Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42660-6_2

Siewe Fodjo JN, Remme JHF, Preux PM, Colebunders R. Meta-analysis of epilepsy prevalence in West Africa and its relationship with onchocerciasis endemicity and control. International Health. 2020;12(3):192–202.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaa012

Kennedy PGE, Rodgers J. Clinical and neuropathogenetic aspects of human African trypanosomiasis. Frontiers in Immunology. 2019;10:1–11.

Available:https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00039

Recht J, Siqueira AM, Monteiro WM, Herrera SM, Herrera S, Lacerda MVG. Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination. Malaria Journal. 2017;16(1):273.

Available: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1925-6

Ba-Diop A, Marin B, Druet-Cabanac M, Ngoungou EB, Newton CR, Preux PM. Epidemiology, causes, and treatment of epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa. The Lancet Neurology. 2014;13(10):1029–1044.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70114-0

Balogun JA, Bankole OB, Okere O, Uche EO, Balogun FM, Shilong DJ, Jimoh AO, Adeolu AA. Epidemiology of brain tumors among adolescents and young adults in Nigeria. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2022;96:50–55.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2021.12.019

Abdel Razek AAK, Alvarez H, Bagg S, Refaat S, Castillo M. Imaging spectrum of CNS vasculitis. Radiographics. 2014;34(4):873–894.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.344135028

Wilson MP, Plecko B, Mills PB, Clayton PT. Disorders affecting vitamin B6 metabolism. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. 2019;42(4):629–646.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1002/jimd.12060

Steinman B, Goilav B. Fluids and electrolytes BT - pediatric board study guide: a last minute review (O. I. Naga (ed.); Springer International Publishing. 2020;825–839.

Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21267-4_24

Louda F, Chadli A, Elaziz S, Elghomari H, Farouqi A. Malignant insulinoma misdiagnosed and treated as epilepsy. Annales d’Endocrinologie. 2013;74(1):53–55.

Available: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2012.11.002

Lesca G, M⊘ller RS, Rudolf G, Hirsch E, Hjalgrim H, Szepetowski P. Update on the genetics of the epilepsy‐aphasia spectrum and role of GRIN2A mutations. Epileptic Disorders. 2019;21:S41–S47.

Engelborghs S, D’hooge R, De Deyn PP. Pathophysiology of epilepsy. Acta Neurologica Belgica. 2000;100(4):201–213.

Stouffer MA, Golden JA, Francis F. Neuronal migration disorders: focus on the cytoskeleton and epilepsy. Neurobiology of Disease. 2016;92:18–45.

Verrotti A, Spalice A, Ursitti F, Papetti L, Mariani R, Castronovo A, Mastrangelo M, Iannetti P. New trends in neuronal migration disorders. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. 2010;14(1):1–12.

Sarnat HB, Flores-Sarnat L. Excitatory/inhibitory synaptic ratios in polymicrogyria and down syndrome help explain epileptogenesis in malformations. Pediatric Neurology. 2021; 116:41–54.

Ferland RJ, Batiz LF, Neal J, Lian G, Bundock E, Lu J, Hsiao YC, Diamond R, Mei D, Banham AH. Disruption of neural progenitors along the ventricular and subventricular zones in periventricular heterotopia. Human Molecular Genetics. 2009;18(3):497–516.

Sarkisian MR, Bartley CM, Rakic P. Trouble making the first move: interpreting arrested neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex. Trends in Neurosciences. 2008; 31(2):54–61.

Leventer RJ, Guerrini R, Dobyns WB. Malformations of cortical development and epilepsy. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience; 2022.

Meuwissen MEC, Mancini GMS. Neurological findings in incontinentia pigmenti; a review. European Journal of Medical Genetics. 2012;55(5):323–331.

D’Agostino MD, Bernasconi A, Das S, Bastos A, Valerio RM, Palmini A, Costa da Costa J, Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Guerrini R. Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) in males: clinical, imaging and genetic findings in comparison with females. Brain. 2002;125(11):2507–2522.

Liu JS. Molecular genetics of neuronal migration disorders. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 2011;11(2): 171–178.

Wu Q, Liu J, Fang A, Li R, Bai Y, Kriegstein AR, Wang X. The dynamics of neuronal migration. Cellular and Molecular Control of Neuronal Migration. 2014;25–36.

Perucca E, Tomson T. The pharmacological treatment of epilepsy in adults. The Lancet Neurology. 2011;10(5):446–456.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70047-3

NJ S, MSP S, ST G. EEG-based classification of normal and seizure types using relaxed local neighbour difference pattern and artificial neural network. Knowledge-Based Systems. 2022;249: 108508.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2022.108508

An S, Kang C, Lee HW. Artificial intelligence and computational approaches for epilepsy. Journal of Epilepsy Research. 2020;10(1):8–17.

Available:https://doi.org/10.14581/jer.20003

Kobayashi K, Endoh F, Ohmori I, Akiyama T. Action of antiepileptic drugs on neurons. Brain and Development. 2020;42(1):2–5.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2019.07.006

Rogawski MA, Löscher W, Rho JM. Mechanisms of action of Antiseizure Drugs and the Ketogenic diet. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 2016; 6(5):28.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a022780

Lasoń W, Chlebicka M, Rejdak K. Research advances in basic mechanisms of seizures and antiepileptic drug action. Pharmacological Reports. 2013;65(4):787–801.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1734-1140(13)71060-0

Wang Y, Chen Z. An update for epilepsy research and antiepileptic drug development: Toward precise circuit therapy. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2019;201:77–93.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.010

Perucca P, Gilliam FG. Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs. The Lancet Neurology. 2012;11(9):792–802.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70153-9

Charalambous M, Shivapour SK, Brodbelt DC, Volk HA. Antiepileptic drugs’ tolerability and safety – a systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse effects in dogs. BMC Veterinary Research. 2016;12(1):79.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-016-0703-y

Vicens C, Bejarano F, Sempere E, Mateu C, Fiol F, Socias I, Aragonès E, Palop V, Beltran JL, Piñol JL, Lera G, Folch S, Mengual M, Basora J, Esteva M, Llobera J, Roca M, Gili M, Leiva A. Comparative efficacy of two interventions to discontinue long-term benzodiazepine use: cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2014;204(6): 471–479.

Available:https://doi.org/DOI:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.134650

Amtul Z. Nature’s medicines to treat epileptic seizures. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry. 2018;56:129–150.

Imam H, Riaz Z, Azhar M, Sofi G, Hussain A. Sweet flag (Acorus calamus Linn.): An incredible medicinal herb. International Journal of Green Pharmacy. 2013;7(4): 288–296.

Available:https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.122053

Chipiti T, Viljoen AM, Cordero-Maldonado ML, Veale CGL, Van Heerden FR, Sandasi M, Chen W, Crawford AD, Enslin GM. Anti-seizure activity of African medicinal plants: The identification of bioactive alkaloids from the stem bark of Rauvolfia caffra using an in vivo zebrafish model. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2021;279:114282.

Manouze H, Bouchatta O, Bennis M, Sokar Z, Ba-M’hamed S. Anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Anacyclus pyrethrum root in kainic acid-induced-status epilepticus in mice. Epilepsy Research. 2019;158:106225.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.106225

Pahuja M, Mehla J, Reeta KH, Joshi S, Gupta YK. Root extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum ameliorates seizures, seizure-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in experimental animals. Epilepsy Research. 2012;98(2):157– 165.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.09.006

Khan AU, Akram M, Daniyal M, Akhter N, Riaz M, Akhtar N, Shariati MA, Anjum F, Khan SG, Parveen A, Ahmad S. Awareness and current knowledge of epilepsy. Metabolic Brain Disease. 2020;35(1):45–63.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-019-00494-1

Choudhary N, Bijjem KRV, Kalia AN. Antiepileptic potential of flavonoids fraction from the leaves of Anisomeles malabarica. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2011; 135(2):238–242.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.019

Ramalingam R, Nath AR, Madhavi BB, Nagulu M, Balasubramaniam A. Free radical scavenging and antiepileptic activity of Leucas lanata. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2013;6(3):368–372.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.03.011

Mandegary A, Arab-Nozari M, Ramiar H, Sharififar F. Anticonvulsant activity of the essential oil and methanolic extract of Bunium persicum (Boiss). B. Fedtsch. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2012;140(2):447–451.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.024

Bansal S, Sharma K, Gautam V, Lone AA, Malhotra EV, Kumar S, Singh R. A comprehensive review of bunium persicum: a valuable medicinal spice. Food Reviews International. 2021;1–20.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2021.1929305

Visweswari G, Prasad KS, Chetan PS, Lokanatha V, Rajendra W. Evaluation of the anticonvulsant effect of Centella asiatica (gotu kola) in pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures with respect to cholinergic neurotransmission. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2010;17(3):332–335.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.01.002

Kaur H, Bal A, Sandhir R. Curcumin supplementation improves mitochondrial and behavioral deficits in experimental model of chronic epilepsy. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 2014;125:55–64.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2014.08.001

Noor NA, Aboul Ezz HS, Faraag AR, Khadrawy YA. Evaluation of the antiepileptic effect of curcumin and Nigella sativa oil in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy in comparison with valproate. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2012;24(2):199– 206.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.03.026

Hashem S, Nisar S, Sageena G, Macha MA, Yadav SK, Krishnankutty R, Uddin S, Haris M, Bhat AA. Therapeutic effects of curcumol in several diseases; an overview. Nutrition and Cancer. 2021;73(2):181–195.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2020.1749676

Ding J, Wang JJ, Huang C, Wang L, Deng S, Xu TL, Ge WH, Li WG, Li F. Curcumol from Rhizoma Curcumae suppresses epileptic seizure by facilitation of GABA(A) receptors. Neuropharmacology. 2014;81: 244–255.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.02.009

Haerussana ANEM, Chairunnisa HF. Essential oil constituents and pharmacognostic evaluation of java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) stem from Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022;10(A):1338–1346.

Available:https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9546

Quintans-Júnior LJ, Souza TT, Leite BS, Lessa NMN, Bonjardim LR, Santos MRV, Alves PB, Blank AF, Antoniolli AR. Phythochemical screening and anticonvulsant activity of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt (Poaceae) leaf essential oil in rodents. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(8):619–624

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2007.09.018

Peerzada AM, Ali HH, Naeem M, Latif M, Bukhari AH, Tanveer A. Cyperus rotundus L.: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2015;174:540–560.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.012

Al-Snafi PDAE. A review on Cyperus rotundus A potential medicinal plant. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR). 2016;06(07):32–48.

Available:https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-06723248

Taiwe GS, Moto FCO, Ayissi ERM, Ngoupaye GT, Njapdounke JSK, Nkantchoua GCN, Kouemou N, Omam JPO, Kandeda AK, Pale S, Pahaye D, Ngo Bum E. Effects of a lyophilized aqueous extract of Feretia apodanthera Del. (Rubiaceae) on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling, oxidative stress, and cognitive impairment in mice. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2015;43:100–108.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.11.022

Hassanzadeh M, Sharifi N, Mahernia S, Rahimi N, Dehpour AR, Amanlou M. Effects of onopordia, a novel isolated compound from Onopordon acanthium, on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice: Possible involvement of nitric oxide pathway. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 2021;11(1):22–26.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.11.005

Chindo BA, Schröder H, Becker A. Methanol extract of Ficus platyphylla ameliorates seizure severity, cognitive deficit and neuronal cell loss in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice. Phytomedicine. 2015;22(1):86–93.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.10.005

Obiora U, Ibeabuchi A, Keneolisa F, Raymond O, Samuel N. Anticonvulsant activity of methanol extract of harungana madagascariensis leaf on mice model of isoniazid-induced siezure. 2022;24(8): 34–41.

Available:https://doi.org/10.9734/JAMPS/2022/v24i8572

Patil SM, Al-Mutairi KA, Firdose N, Ramu R, Martiz RM, Ashwini P. Pharmacoinformatics based screening discovers swertianolin from Lavandula angustifolia as a novel neuromodulator targeting epilepsy, depression, and anxiety. South African Journal of Botany. 2022;149:712–730.

Mahboubi M. Mentha spicata L. essential oil, phytochemistry and its effectiveness in flatulence. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 2021;11(2):75–81.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.08.011

Koutroumanidou E, Kimbaris A, Kortsaris A, Bezirtzoglou E, Polissiou M, Charalabopoulos K, Pagonopoulou O. Increased seizure latency and decreased severity of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice after essential oil administration. Epilepsy Research and Treatment. 2013;1–6.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/532657

Aboul Ezz HS, Khadrawy YA, Noor NA. The neuroprotective effect of curcumin and nigella sativa oil against oxidative stress in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy: a comparison with valproate. Neurochemical Research. 2011;36(11):2195–2204.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-011-0544-9

da Fonsêca DV, da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho C, Lima TC, de Almeida RN, de Sousa DP. Anticonvulsant essential oils and their relationship with oxidative stress in epilepsy. In Biomolecules. 2019;9(12).

Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120835

Martins N, Barros L, Santos-Buelga C, Henriques M, Silva S, Ferreira ICFR. Decoction, infusion and hydroalcoholic extract of Origanum vulgare L.: Different performances regarding bioactivity and phenolic compounds. Food Chemistry. 2014;158:73–80.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.099

Bahr TA, Rodriguez D, Beaumont C, Allred K. The effects of various essential oils on epilepsy and acute seizure: a systematic review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2019;6216745.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6216745

Suleymanova E, Gulyaev M, Chepurnova N. Ginseng extract attenuates early MRI changes after status epilepticus and decreases subsequent reduction of hippocampal volume in the rat brain. Epilepsy Research. 2014;108(2):223– 231.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.11.018

Mohd Sairazi NS, Sirajudeen KNS, Asari MA, Muzaimi M, Mummedy S, Sulaiman SA. Kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity experimental model: protective merits of natural products and plant extracts. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015;972623.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/972623

Shojaii A, Abdollahi Fard M. Review of pharmacological properties and chemical constituents of pimpinella anisum . ISRN Pharmaceutics. 2012;1–8.

Available:https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/510795

Karimzadeh F, Hosseini M, Mangeng D, Alavi H, Hassanzadeh GR, Bayat M, Jafarian M, Kazemi H, Gorji A. Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of Pimpinella anisum in rat brain. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012;12(1):76.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-12-76

PF Guine R, J Goncalves F. Chemistry and health effects of bioactive compounds in selected culinary aromatic herbs. Current Nutrition & Food Science. 2015; 11(2):145–164.

Nurhussen DHA. Antimicrobial activity of psidium guajava leaves extract against staphylococcus aureus using pure extracts. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2017;6(9):14–47.

Available:https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr20179-8210

Capatina L, Boiangiu RS, Dumitru G, Napoli EM, Ruberto G, Hritcu L, Todirascu-Ciornea E. Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil improves scopolamine-induced neurobehavioral changes via restoration of cholinergic function and brain antioxidant status in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). In Antioxidants. 2020;9(1).

Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9010062

Goudarzi R, Zamanian G, Partoazar A, Dehpour A. Novel effect of Arthrocen (avocado/soy unsaponifiables) on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure threshold in mice: Role of GABAergic pathway. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2020; 104:106500.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106500

Khan S, Shameem I, Sahibole S, Siddiqui A. Trachyspermum ammi: ancient unani medicine for modern cure, a review of potential therapeutic applications. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2016;5(12):169–178.

Available:https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr201612-6875

Asif HM, Sultana S, Akhtar N. A panoramic view on phytochemical, nutritional, ethanobotanical uses and pharmacological values of Trachyspermum ammi Linn. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2014;4:S545–S553.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12980/APJTB.4.2014APJTB-2014-0242

Arora R, Gill NS. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of trichosanthes dioica roxb. seeds. Plant Archives. 2020;20:2084–2088.

Orellana-Paucar AM, Serruys ASK, Afrikanova T, Maes J, De Borggraeve W, Alen J, León-Tamariz F, Wilches-Arizábala IM, Crawford AD, de Witte PAM, Esguerra CV. Anticonvulsant activity of bisabolene sesquiterpenoids of Curcuma longa in zebrafish and mouse seizure models. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2012;24(1): 14–22.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.02.020

Dixit P. Medicinal properties of Garlic: a review. Anusandhaan - Vigyaan Shodh Patrika. 2018;6(1).

Available:https://doi.org/10.22445/avsp.v6i1.13914

Nouri MHK, Abad ANA. Gabaergic system role in aqueous extract of Valeriana officinalis L. root on PTZ-induced clonic seizure threshold in mice. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2011;5(9):1212–1217.

Available:https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP11.241

Rezvani ME, Roohbakhsh A, Allahtavakoli M, Shamsizadeh A. Anticonvulsant effect of aqueous extract of Valeriana officinalis in amygdala-kindled rats: Possible involvement of adenosine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2010;127(2):313–318.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.002

Khattak ZF, Ansari B, Jamal M, Awan AA, Sherkheli MA, ul Haq R. Anticonvulsant activity of methanolic extract of Withania cogulans in mice. Metabolic Brain Disease. 2021;36(8):2437–2443.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00850-0

Hosseini A, Mirazi N. Acute administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale rhizomes) extract on timed intravenous pentylenetetrazol infusion seizure model in mice. Epilepsy Research. 2014;108(3): 411–419.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.01.008

Gawel K, Kukula-Koch W, Banono NS, Nieoczym D, Targowska-Duda KM, Czernicka L, Parada-Turska J, Esguerra CV. 6-Gingerol, a major constituent of Zingiber officinale rhizoma, exerts anticonvulsant activity in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model in larval zebrafish. In International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(14).

Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147745

Al-humaidhi AM, Abd AH, Ghazi HF. Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Ziziphus spina christi mice attenuates pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling in male. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. 2021;12(2):314–317.

Pahuja M, Mehla J, Reeta KH, Joshi S, Gupta YK. Hydroalcoholic extract of Zizyphus jujuba ameliorates seizures, oxidative stress, and cognitive impairment in experimental models of epilepsy in rats. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2011;21(4):356–363.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.05.013

Feigin VL, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, Abd-Allah F, Abdulle AM, Abera SF, Abyu GY, Ahmed MB, Aichour AN, Aichour I, Aichour MTE, Akinyemi RO, Alabed S, Al-Raddadi R, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare AT, Ansari H, Anwari P, Ärnlöv J, Vos T. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990– 2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet Neurology. 2017;16(11):877–897.

Available:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30299-5

Siuly S, Zhang Y. Medical big data: neurological diseases diagnosis through medical data analysis. Data Science and Engineering. 2016;1(2):54–64.

Devinsky O, Marsh E, Friedman D, Thiele E, Laux L, Sullivan J, Miller I, Flamini R, Wilfong A, Filloux F. Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial. The Lancet Neurology. 2016;15(3):270–278.

Pieróg M, Socała K, Wyska E, Poleszak E, Wlaź P. Effect of ellagic acid on seizure threshold in two acute seizure tests in mice. Molecules. 2021;26(16):4841.

Thomford NE, Senthebane DA, Rowe A, Munro D, Seele P, Maroyi A, Dzobo K. Natural products for drug discovery in the 21st century: innovations for novel drug discovery. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018;19(6):1578.